UV-Vis

A monochromator isolates a narrow band of wavelengths from broadband light; the Czerny-Turner layout is the industry standard for compact UV-Vis instruments.

Diffraction gratings use microscopic periodic grooves to disperse light into its component wavelengths, forming the heart of modern spectrophotometers.

Cuvette material and path length determine which wavelengths can be measured and set the practical concentration range for any UV-Vis assay.

Microvolume spectrophotometers measure as little as 1 uL by compressing a liquid drop into an ultra-thin optical film between two surfaces.

Measuring absorbance at 260 nm and 280 nm gives both concentration and purity of DNA and RNA samples in a single rapid scan.

Bradford, BCA, Biuret, and Lowry assays each convert protein concentration into a measurable color change through different chemical mechanisms and working ranges.

ELISA uses enzyme-linked antibodies to detect and quantify proteins in solution, converting binding events into a measurable color change read by a microplate reader.

The kinetic turbidimetric LAL method quantifies bacterial endotoxin by tracking rising absorbance over time in a microplate reader.

Enzyme kinetics measurement tracks absorbance change over time to determine reaction rates, Michaelis-Menten constants, and inhibitor effects.

ADMI and ASTA are standardized UV-Vis methods for quantifying color in wastewater and red spices using defined absorbance measurements.